Neither Wild nor Cultivated

Eric P. Burkhart; Sarah E. Nilson; Cathryn V. Pugh; Grady H. Zuiderveen

Neither Wild nor Cultivated

Neither Wild nor Cultivated: American Ginseng (Panax quinquefoliusL.) Seller Surveys Provide Insights into in situ Planting and Husbandry. American ginseng has been gathered commercially in eastern North America for nearly 300 years. A possible contemporary influence on wild supplies is the augmentation of wild ginseng populations by harvesters using commercially available stock from cultivation. We utilized a confidential, annual survey over eight years (2012–2019) in Pennsylvania, United States, to examine the extent to which forest planting of commercial germplasm may account for wild ginseng harvest amounts. Three in ten (28%) root sellers reported that some of the ginseng they sold as “wild” was produced using in situ production methods involving scattering seeds in the forest. One in four (26%) of planters reported using commercially available planting stock in these efforts. Moreover, there was geographic overlap between study participants and the top wild ginseng harvest counties, suggesting planting activities might contribute partially to higher harvest amounts. Respondents confided a hesitancy towards reporting ginseng planting activities on buyer paperwork, as is increasingly being requested, fearing price devaluation, theft, taxation, and disagreement over what constitutes “wild.” Our results suggest that an improved understanding of U.S. wild ginseng origins and trends, especially as influenced by in situ planting and forest farming, will require confidential reporting mechanisms to accommodate seller concerns surrounding disclosure.

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Metadata

Work Title	Neither Wild nor Cultivated
Subtitle	American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) Seller Surveys Provide Insights into in situ Planting and Husbandry<sup>1</sup>
Access	Open Access
Creators	Eric P. Burkhart Sarah E. Nilson Cathryn V. Pugh Grady H. Zuiderveen
License	In Copyright (Rights Reserved)
Work Type	Article
Publisher	Economic Botany
Publication Date	June 1, 2021
Publisher Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-021-09521-8
Deposited	November 17, 2021

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Neither Wild nor Cultivated

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