Psychometric evaluation of the Symptom-Checklist-K-9 among U.S. working-age adults with psychiatric disabilities

Purpose: The Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1992) is a widely used self-report measure of psychiatric symptoms (Prinz et al., 2013), but it is longer than many screening measures used in certain settings. Recently, a nine-item form of the SCL-90-R, the Symptom-Checklist-K-9 (SCL-K-9), has been gaining traction despite the limited research examining its psychometric properties in the United States. The purpose of this study is to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the SCL-K-9 scores in U.S. working-age adults with psychiatric disabilities.

Design: Six hundred and thirty participants with self-reported psychiatric disabilities completed the SCL-K-9 and other psychosocial self-report measures. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the SCL-K-9 scores’ dimensionality. Coefficient omega was used to assess the scores’ internal consistency. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by examining the strength and direction of correlation coefficients between the SCL-K-9 and other psychosocial measures. Measurement invariance across sex, age, and primary diagnostic groups was also examined.

Results: CFA revealed a one-factor solution with satisfactory reliability (coefficient omega = .828). Convergent validity was supported by the relatively high correlation coefficients between the SCL-K-9 with neuroticism, self-stigma, and psychiatric disability acceptance, and discriminant validity by relatively low correlation coefficients with perceived social stigma and hope. Full measurement invariance for sex and partial invariance for diagnostic groups was supported.

Conclusions: Overall, this study provides preliminary reliability and validity evidence for the SCL-K-9 scores among U.S. working-age adults with psychiatric disabilities. Further investigation is warranted to support its use for research and treatment progress monitoring in recovery-oriented care.

© American Psychological Association, 2023-11-02. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000526

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Work Title Psychometric evaluation of the Symptom-Checklist-K-9 among U.S. working-age adults with psychiatric disabilities
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Open Access
Creators
  1. Deyu Pan
  2. Sang Qin
  3. Wilson J. Brown
  4. Jennifer Sánchez
Keyword
  1. Symptoms severity
  2. Psychiatric disabilities
  3. Psychometric properties
  4. Confirmatory factor analysis
  5. Measurement invariance
License In Copyright (Rights Reserved)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Rehabilitation Psychology
Publication Date 2023
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000526
Deposited January 11, 2024

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  • Created
  • Added Pan_et_al._2023_SCL-K-9-1.pdf
  • Added Creator Deyu Pan
  • Added Creator Sang Qin
  • Added Creator Wilson J Brown
  • Added Creator Jennifer Sanchez
  • Published
  • Updated Keyword, Description, Publication Date Show Changes
    Keyword
    • Symptoms severity, Psychiatric disabilities, Psychometric properties, Confirmatory factor analysis, Measurement invariance
    Description
    • The purpose of this study is to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the SCL-K-9 scores in U.S. working-age adults with psychiatric disabilities.
    • Purpose: The Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1992) is a widely used self-report measure of psychiatric symptoms (Prinz et al., 2013), but it is longer than many screening measures used in certain settings. Recently, a nine-item form of the SCL-90-R, the Symptom-Checklist-K-9 (SCL-K-9), has been gaining traction despite the limited research examining its psychometric properties in the United States. The purpose of this study is to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the SCL-K-9 scores in U.S. working-age adults with psychiatric disabilities.
    • Design: Six hundred and thirty participants with self-reported psychiatric disabilities completed the SCL-K-9 and other psychosocial self-report measures. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the SCL-K-9 scores’ dimensionality. Coefficient omega was used to assess the scores’ internal consistency. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by examining the strength and direction of correlation coefficients between the SCL-K-9 and other psychosocial measures. Measurement invariance across sex, age, and primary diagnostic groups was also examined.
    • Results: CFA revealed a one-factor solution with satisfactory reliability (coefficient omega = .828). Convergent validity was supported by the relatively high correlation coefficients between the SCL-K-9 with neuroticism, self-stigma, and psychiatric disability acceptance, and discriminant validity by relatively low correlation coefficients with perceived social stigma and hope. Full measurement invariance for sex and partial invariance for diagnostic groups was supported.
    • Conclusions: Overall, this study provides preliminary reliability and validity evidence for the SCL-K-9 scores among U.S. working-age adults with psychiatric disabilities. Further investigation is warranted to support its use for research and treatment progress monitoring in recovery-oriented care.
    Publication Date
    • 2023-11-01
    • 2023
  • Renamed Creator Wilson J. Brown Show Changes
    • Wilson J Brown
    • Wilson J. Brown
  • Renamed Creator Jennifer Sánchez Show Changes
    • Jennifer Sanchez
    • Jennifer Sánchez
  • Updated