An Assessment Of Second Moment Closure Modeling For Stratified Wakes Using DNS Ensembles

Buoyant wakes encountered in the ocean environment are characterized by high Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, leading to significant space-time resolution requirements for turbulence resolving CFD models (i.e., DNS, LES). Therefore, RANS based models are attractive for these configurations. The inherently complex dynamics of stratified systems render eddy-viscosity-based modeling inappropriate. RANS Second-Moment Closure (SMC) based modeling is more suitable because it accounts for flow anisotropy by solving the transport equations of important second-moment terms. Accordingly, eleven transport equations are solved at the SMC level, and a range of sub-models are implemented for diffusion, pressure strain and scrambling, and dissipation terms. This work studies non-stratified and stratified towed wakes using SMC and DNS. Sub-models in the SMC are evaluated in terms of how well their exact Reynolds averaged form impacts the accuracy of the full RANS closure. An ensemble average of 40 and 80-100 DNS realizations are required and conducted for these temporally evolving non-stratified and stratified wakes, respectively, to obtain converged higher-order statistics. SMC over-predicts wake height by over a factor of 2, and under-predicts defect velocity, wake width, and turbulent kinetic and potential energies by factors ranging from 1.3 to 3.5. Also, SMC predicts a near isotropic decay of normal Reynolds stresses (a33 -> -0.25), in contrast to the anisotropic decay (a33 -> -0.64) returned by DNS. The DNS data also provide important insights related to the inaccuracy of the dissipation rate isotropy assumption and the non-negligible contribution of pressure diffusion terms. These results lead to several important recommendations for SMC modeling improvement.

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Work Title An Assessment Of Second Moment Closure Modeling For Stratified Wakes Using DNS Ensembles
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Open Access
Creators
  1. Naman Jain
  2. Xinyi Huang
  3. Jiaqi Li
  4. Xiang Yang
  5. Robert F Kunz
License In Copyright (Rights Reserved)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Journal of Fluids Engineering
Publication Date May 22, 2023
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062590
Deposited June 05, 2023

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  • Created

    June 05, 2023 08:37 by Researcher Metadata Database

  • Added fe-22-1645.pdf

    June 05, 2023 08:37 by Researcher Metadata Database

  • Added Creator Naman Jain

    June 05, 2023 08:37 by Researcher Metadata Database

  • Added Creator Xinyi Huang

    June 05, 2023 08:37 by Researcher Metadata Database

  • Added Creator X Yang

    June 05, 2023 08:37 by Researcher Metadata Database

  • Added Creator Robert F Kunz

    June 05, 2023 08:37 by Researcher Metadata Database

  • Published

    June 05, 2023 08:37 by Researcher Metadata Database

  • Updated Work Title, Subtitle, Publisher, and 2 more Show Changes

    June 05, 2023 13:14 by avs5190

    Work Title
    • A Study of Second Moment Closure Modeling for Stratified Wakes Using DNS Ensembles
    • An Assessment Of Second Moment Closure Modeling For Stratified Wakes Using DNS Ensembles
    Subtitle
    • Proceedings of the ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting
    Publisher
    • ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering
    • Journal of Fluids Engineering
    Description
    • Buoyant wakes encountered in the ocean environment are characterized by high Reynolds $(Re)$ and Froude $(Fr)$ numbers, leading to significant space-time resolution requirements for turbulence resolving CFD models (i.e., DNS, LES). Therefore, RANS based models are attractive for these configurations. The inherently complex dynamics of stratified systems render eddy-viscosity-based modeling inappropriate. RANS Second-Moment Closure (SMC) based modeling is more suitable because it accounts for flow anisotropy by solving the transport equations of important second-moment terms. Accordingly, eleven transport equations are solved at the SMC level, and a range of sub-models are implemented for diffusion, pressure strain and scrambling, and dissipation terms. This work studies non-stratified and stratified towed wakes using SMC and DNS. Sub-models in the SMC are evaluated in terms of how well their exact Reynolds averaged form impacts the accuracy of the full RANS closure. An ensemble average of 40 and 80-100 DNS realizations are required and conducted for these temporally evolving non-stratified and stratified wakes, respectively, to obtain converged higher-order statistics.
    • SMC over-predicts wake height by over a factor of 2, and under-predicts defect velocity, wake width, and turbulent kinetic and potential energies by factors ranging from 1.3 to 3.5. Also, SMC predicts a near isotropic decay of normal Reynolds stresses $(a_{33} \rightarrow -0.25)$, in contrast to the anisotropic decay $(a_{33} \rightarrow -0.64)$ returned by DNS.
    • The DNS data also provide important insights related to the inaccuracy of the dissipation rate isotropy assumption and the non-negligible contribution of pressure diffusion terms. These results lead to several important recommendations for SMC modeling improvement.
    • Buoyant wakes encountered in the ocean environment are characterized by high Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, leading to significant space-time resolution requirements for turbulence resolving CFD models (i.e., DNS, LES). Therefore, RANS based models are attractive for these configurations. The inherently complex dynamics of stratified systems render eddy-viscosity-based modeling inappropriate. RANS Second-Moment Closure (SMC) based modeling is more suitable because it accounts for flow anisotropy by solving the transport equations of important second-moment terms. Accordingly, eleven transport equations are solved at the SMC level, and a range of sub-models are implemented for diffusion, pressure strain and scrambling, and dissipation terms. This work studies non-stratified and stratified towed wakes using SMC and DNS. Sub-models in the SMC are evaluated in terms of how well their exact Reynolds averaged form impacts the accuracy of the full RANS closure. An ensemble average of 40 and 80-100 DNS realizations are required and conducted for these temporally evolving non-stratified and stratified wakes, respectively, to obtain converged higher-order statistics. SMC over-predicts wake height by over a factor of 2, and under-predicts defect velocity, wake width, and turbulent kinetic and potential energies by factors ranging from 1.3 to 3.5. Also, SMC predicts a near isotropic decay of normal Reynolds stresses (a33 -> -0.25), in contrast to the anisotropic decay (a33 -> -0.64) returned by DNS. The DNS data also provide important insights related to the inaccuracy of the dissipation rate isotropy assumption and the non-negligible contribution of pressure diffusion terms. These results lead to several important recommendations for SMC modeling improvement.
    Publication Date
    • 2023-05-01
    • 2023-05-22
  • Renamed Creator Xiang Yang Show Changes

    June 05, 2023 13:15 by avs5190

    • X Yang
    • Xiang Yang
  • Updated Creator Robert F Kunz

    June 05, 2023 13:15 by avs5190

  • Added Creator Jiaqi Li

    June 05, 2023 13:15 by avs5190

  • Updated

    April 04, 2024 10:22 by [unknown user]