Review: High-power piezoelectric characterization system (hipocs)

With accelerating the commercialization of high-power density piezoelectric actuators and transducers, the main research focus seems to be gradually shifting from the ‘real parameters’ such as larger polarization and displacement, to the ‘imaginary parameters’ such as polarization/displacement hysteresis, heat generation, and mechanical quality factor, which are originated from three loss factors (dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric losses). Reducing hysteresis and heat generation and increasing the mechanical quality factor to amplify the resonance displacement are the primary target. This paper reviews High-Power Piezoelectric Characterization System (HiPoCS™), including three methodologies: (a) admittance spectrum, (b) burst mode, and (c) precise input energy measurement in these 35 years.