Biomimetic 3D-Printed Composites: Ballistic Impact Resistance with Nacre-Inspired and Tubulane Structures

This research delves into nature-inspired designs for creating materials with exceptional impact resistance, leveraging cutting-edge 3D printing techniques. Our composite design features a nacre-like outer layer combined with a tubulane-resembling core, aiming to enhance energy dissipation significantly. By emulating the dense aragonite structure found in natural nacre and the unique porosity of tubulane, we were able to enhance ballistic impact resistance. To validate its effectiveness, we conducted ballistics tests using a 40-grain lead-tipped .22 LR bullet at an initial velocity of 330.7 m/s, with a specialized chronograph setup to measure both initial and post-penetration bullet velocities, quantifying energy absorption precisely. This study opens new frontiers in aviation safety, structural engineering, and personal protective equipment, showcasing the transformative potential of biomimicry and additive manufacturing in advancing public safety and material science.