Association of a novel EEG metric of sleep depth/intensity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, learning, and internalizing disorders and their pharmacotherapy in adolescence

Study Objectives: Psychiatric/learning disorders are associated with sleep disturbances, including those arising from abnormal cortical activity. The odds ratio product (ORP) is a standardized electroencephalogram metric of sleep depth/intensity validated in adults, while ORP data in youth are lacking. We tested ORP as a measure of sleep depth/intensity in adolescents with and without psychiatric/learning disorders. Methods: Four hundred eighteen adolescents (median 16 years) underwent a 9-hour, in-lab polysomnography. Of them, 263 were typically developing (TD), 89 were unmedicated, and 66 were medicated for disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), learning (LD), and internalizing (ID). Central ORP during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was the primary outcome. Secondary/exploratory outcomes included central and frontal ORP during NREM stages, in the 9-seconds following arousals (ORP-9), in the first and second halves of the night, during REM sleep and wakefulness. Results: Unmedicated youth with ADHD/LD had greater central ORP than TD during stage 3 and in central and frontal regions during stage 2 and the second half of the sleep period, while ORP in youth with ADHD/LD on stimulants did not significantly differ from TD. Unmedicated youth with ID did not significantly differ from TD in ORP, while youth with ID on antidepressants had greater central and frontal ORP than TD during NREM and REM sleep, and higher ORP-9. Conclusions: The greater ORP in unmedicated youth with ADHD/LD, and normalized levels in those on stimulants, suggests ORP is a useful metric of decreased NREM sleep depth/intensity in ADHD/LD. Antidepressants are associated with greater ORP/ORP-9, suggesting these medications induce cortical arousability.

Files

Metadata

Work Title Association of a novel EEG metric of sleep depth/intensity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, learning, and internalizing disorders and their pharmacotherapy in adolescence
Access
Open Access
Creators
  1. Anna Ricci
  2. Susan L. Calhoun
  3. Fan He
  4. Jidong Fang
  5. Alexandros N. Vgontzas
  6. Duanping Liao
  7. Edward O. Bixler
  8. Magdy Younes
  9. Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
Keyword
  1. adolescence
  2. arousability
  3. odds ratio product
  4. psychopathology
  5. sleep depth
License In Copyright (Rights Reserved)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Sleep
Publication Date March 1, 2022
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab287
Deposited July 26, 2022

Versions

Analytics

Collections

This resource is currently not in any collection.

Work History

Version 1
published

  • Created
  • Added SLEEP-2021-0612.R2_Proof_fl.pdf
  • Added Creator Anna Ricci
  • Added Creator Susan L. Calhoun
  • Added Creator Fan He
  • Added Creator Jidong Fang
  • Added Creator Alexandros N. Vgontzas
  • Added Creator Duanping Liao
  • Added Creator Edward O. Bixler
  • Added Creator Magdy Younes
  • Added Creator Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
  • Published
  • Updated Keyword Show Changes
    Keyword
    • adolescence, arousability, odds ratio product, psychopathology, sleep depth
  • Updated Work Title Show Changes
    Work Title
    • Association of a novel EEG metric of sleep depth/intensity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, learning, and internalizing disorders and their pharmacotherapy in adolescence
    • ! Association of a novel EEG metric of sleep depth/intensity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, learning, and internalizing disorders and their pharmacotherapy in adolescence
  • Updated Work Title Show Changes
    Work Title
    • ! Association of a novel EEG metric of sleep depth/intensity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, learning, and internalizing disorders and their pharmacotherapy in adolescence
    • Association of a novel EEG metric of sleep depth/intensity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, learning, and internalizing disorders and their pharmacotherapy in adolescence