Do Non-Enforcement Interventions with Officers Improve Citizens’ Perceptions and Knowledge of Police?

Groundwork: The Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) have responded to the national legitimacy crisis in law enforcement by creating the Building Bridges Community Outreach Program (BBCOP). It is a non-enforcement contact intervention aimed at improving public perceptions of police.

Research Question: Does BBCOP improve citizens' perceptions and knowledge of law enforcement?

Approach: Surveyed BBCOP participants before and after exposure to the intervention.

Details: Katelyn Kurtz, Kara Harbrige, and Ray Ncube. (2025). “Do Non-Enforcement Interventions with Officers Improve Citizens’ Perceptions and Knowledge of Police?” Extensions of this project were presented at the Annual Meeting for the Pennsylvania Association of Criminal Justice Educators (PACJE, 3rd place), Penn State Altoona Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities Fair (URCAF), and Penn State Behrend-Sigma Xi Undergraduate Research and Creative Accomplishments Conference (2nd Humanities-Social Sciences).

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Work Title Do Non-Enforcement Interventions with Officers Improve Citizens’ Perceptions and Knowledge of Police?
Access
Open Access
Creators
  1. Katelyn Kurtz
  2. Kara Harbrige
  3. Ray Ncube
  4. Nicholas J. Rowland
  5. Alexander B. Kinney
  6. Nathan E. Kruis
License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives)
Work Type Poster
Acknowledgments
  1. We would like to thank the Penn State Altoona Office of Research and Sponsored Programs for providing funding to support our research.
Publication Date April 2025
DOI doi:10.26207/nwrq-x423
Deposited May 02, 2025

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Version 1
published

  • Created

    May 02, 2025 10:47 by njr12

  • Updated

    May 02, 2025 10:47 by [unknown user]

  • Updated Description, Publication Date Show Changes

    May 02, 2025 10:48 by njr12

    Description
    • Groundwork: The Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) have responded to the national legitimacy crisis in law enforcement by creating the Building Bridges Community Outreach Program (BBCOP). It is a non-enforcement contact intervention aimed at improving public perceptions of police.
    • Research Question: Does BBCOP improve citizens' perceptions and knowledge of law enforcement?
    • Approach: Surveyed BBCOP participants before and after exposure to the intervention.
    • Details:
    • Katelyn Kurtz, Kara Harbrige, and Ray Ncube. (2025). “Do Non-Enforcement Interventions with Officers Improve Citizens’ Perceptions and Knowledge of Police?” Extensions of this project were presented at the Annual Meeting for the Pennsylvania Association of Criminal Justice Educators (PACJE, 3rd place), Penn State Altoona Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities Fair (URCAF), and Penn State Behrend-Sigma Xi Undergraduate Research and Creative Accomplishments Conference (2nd Humanities-Social Sciences).
    Publication Date
    • 2025-04
  • Updated Acknowledgments Show Changes

    May 02, 2025 10:50 by njr12

    Acknowledgments
    • We would like to thank the Penn State Altoona Office of Research and Sponsored Programs for providing funding to support our research.
  • Added Creator Katelyn Kurtz

    May 02, 2025 10:50 by njr12

  • Added Creator Miss Kara Diane Harbrige

    May 02, 2025 10:50 by njr12

  • Added Creator Ray Ncube

    May 02, 2025 10:50 by njr12

  • Added Creator NICHOLAS JAMES ROWLAND

    May 02, 2025 10:50 by njr12

  • Added Creator Alexander Kinney

    May 02, 2025 10:50 by njr12

  • Added Creator Nathan Kruis

    May 02, 2025 10:50 by njr12

  • Added Building Bridges Poster.pdf

    May 02, 2025 10:50 by njr12

  • Updated License Show Changes

    May 02, 2025 10:52 by njr12

    License
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  • Published

    May 02, 2025 10:52 by njr12

  • Updated

    May 02, 2025 22:05 by [unknown user]

  • Updated Description Show Changes

    May 07, 2025 18:25 by avs5190

    Description
    • Groundwork: The Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) have responded to the national legitimacy crisis in law enforcement by creating the Building Bridges Community Outreach Program (BBCOP). It is a non-enforcement contact intervention aimed at improving public perceptions of police.
    • Research Question: Does BBCOP improve citizens' perceptions and knowledge of law enforcement?
    • Approach: Surveyed BBCOP participants before and after exposure to the intervention.
    • Details:
    • Katelyn Kurtz, Kara Harbrige, and Ray Ncube. (2025). “Do Non-Enforcement Interventions with Officers Improve Citizens’ Perceptions and Knowledge of Police?” Extensions of this project were presented at the Annual Meeting for the Pennsylvania Association of Criminal Justice Educators (PACJE, 3rd place), Penn State Altoona Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities Fair (URCAF), and Penn State Behrend-Sigma Xi Undergraduate Research and Creative Accomplishments Conference (2nd Humanities-Social Sciences).
    • Details: Katelyn Kurtz, Kara Harbrige, and Ray Ncube. (2025). “Do Non-Enforcement Interventions with Officers Improve Citizens’ Perceptions and Knowledge of Police?” Extensions of this project were presented at the Annual Meeting for the Pennsylvania Association of Criminal Justice Educators (PACJE, 3rd place), Penn State Altoona Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities Fair (URCAF), and Penn State Behrend-Sigma Xi Undergraduate Research and Creative Accomplishments Conference (2nd Humanities-Social Sciences).
  • Renamed Creator Kara Harbrige Show Changes

    May 07, 2025 18:25 by avs5190

    • Miss Kara Diane Harbrige
    • Kara Harbrige
  • Renamed Creator Nicholas J. Rowland Show Changes

    May 07, 2025 18:25 by avs5190

    • NICHOLAS JAMES ROWLAND
    • Nicholas J. Rowland
  • Renamed Creator Alexander B. Kinney Show Changes

    May 07, 2025 18:25 by avs5190

    • Alexander Kinney
    • Alexander B. Kinney
  • Renamed Creator Nathan E. Kruis Show Changes

    May 07, 2025 18:25 by avs5190

    • Nathan Kruis
    • Nathan E. Kruis