Unidimensional versus multidimensional: A bifactor factor structure of the Self-Stigma Scale–Short (SSS-S) among U.S. adults with psychiatric disabilities

Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the English version of the Self-Stigma Scale–Short (SSS-S), a nine-item self-report self-stigma measurement, among U.S. adults with psychiatric disabilities.

Method: We obtained reliability and validity evidence from a sample of 275 adults with psychiatric disabilities.

Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 139) yielded a two-factor solution that accounts for 64.97% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 136) was conducted to compare alternative solutions, including a single-factor model, a two-correlated-factor model, a three-correlated-factor model, and a bifactorial model. The CFA results supported the bifactor S·I − 1 model as a superior latent factor structure for the SSS-S. The coefficient ω of the SSS-S was .94, indicating excellent internal reliability. Concurrent validity of the SSS-S was supported by significant positive correlations with societal stigma and psychiatric symptom severity, and negative correlations with psychiatric disability acceptance, general self-efficacy, and hope.

Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The overall findings concluded that the English version of the SSS-S demonstrated reliable and valid scores and a primarily unidimensional structure of self-stigma among U.S. adults with psychiatric disabilities. Given the adverse impact of self-stigma and its relationships with recovery-related constructs shown in this study, the routine use of the SSS-S is recommended in psychiatric rehabilitation settings.

© American Psychological Association, 2023-12-14. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000596

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Work Title Unidimensional versus multidimensional: A bifactor factor structure of the Self-Stigma Scale–Short (SSS-S) among U.S. adults with psychiatric disabilities
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Open Access
Creators
  1. Deyu Pan
  2. Zachary A. Babb
  3. Wilson J. Brown
  4. Sang Qin
  5. Jennifer Sánchez
Keyword
  1. Self-stigma
  2. Psychiatric disabilities
  3. Psychometric properties
  4. Factor analysis
License In Copyright (Rights Reserved)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal
Publication Date December 14, 2023
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000596
Deposited January 25, 2024

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  • Created
  • Added Pan_et_al._2023_SSS-S-1.pdf
  • Added Creator Deyu Pan
  • Added Creator Zachary A Babb
  • Added Creator Wilson J Brown
  • Added Creator Sang Qin
  • Added Creator Jennifer Sánchez
  • Added Creator Jennifer Sanchez
  • Published
  • Updated Keyword, Description Show Changes
    Keyword
    • Self-stigma, Psychiatric disabilities, Psychometric properties, Factor analysis
    Description
    • This study examined the psychometric properties of the English version of the Self-Stigma Scale–Short (SSS-S), a nine-item self-report self-stigma measurement, among U.S. adults with psychiatric disabilities.
    • Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the English version of the Self-Stigma Scale–Short (SSS-S), a nine-item self-report self-stigma measurement, among U.S. adults with psychiatric disabilities.
    • Method: We obtained reliability and validity evidence from a sample of 275 adults with psychiatric disabilities.
    • Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 139) yielded a two-factor solution that accounts for 64.97% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 136) was conducted to compare alternative solutions, including a single-factor model, a two-correlated-factor model, a three-correlated-factor model, and a bifactorial model. The CFA results supported the bifactor S·I − 1 model as a superior latent factor structure for the SSS-S. The coefficient ω of the SSS-S was .94, indicating excellent internal reliability. Concurrent validity of the SSS-S was supported by significant positive correlations with societal stigma and psychiatric symptom severity, and negative correlations with psychiatric disability acceptance, general self-efficacy, and hope.
    • Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The overall findings concluded that the English version of the SSS-S demonstrated reliable and valid scores and a primarily unidimensional structure of self-stigma among U.S. adults with psychiatric disabilities. Given the adverse impact of self-stigma and its relationships with recovery-related constructs shown in this study, the routine use of the SSS-S is recommended in psychiatric rehabilitation settings.
  • Deleted Creator Jennifer Sanchez
  • Renamed Creator Zachary A. Babb Show Changes
    • Zachary A Babb
    • Zachary A. Babb
  • Renamed Creator Wilson J. Brown Show Changes
    • Wilson J Brown
    • Wilson J. Brown
  • Updated