Shadow Mask Molecular Beam Epitaxy for In-Plane Gradient Permittivity Materials

Infrared spectroscopy currently requires the use of bulky, expensive, and/or fragile spectrometers. For gas sensing, environmental monitoring, or other applications, an inexpensive, compact, robust on-chip spectrometer is needed. One way to achieve this is through gradient permittivity materials, in which the material permittivity changes as a function of position in the plane. Here, synthesis of infrared gradient permittivity materials is demonstrated using shadow mask molecular beam epitaxy. The permittivity of the material changes as a function of position in the lateral direction, confining varying wavelengths of infrared light at varying horizontal locations. An electric field enhancement corresponding to wavenumbers ranging from ≈650 to 900 cm−1 over an in-plane width of ≈13 µm on the flat mesa of the sample is shown. An electric field enhancement corresponding to wavenumbers ranging from ≈900 to 1250 cm−1 over an in-plane width of ≈13 µm on the slope of the sample is also shown. These two different regions of electric field enhancement develop on two opposite sides of the material. This demonstration of a scalable method of creating in-plane gradient permittivity material can be leveraged for the creation of a variety of miniature infrared devices, such as an ultracompact spectrometer.

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Work Title Shadow Mask Molecular Beam Epitaxy for In-Plane Gradient Permittivity Materials
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Open Access
Creators
  1. Shagorika Mukherjee
  2. Sai Rahul Sitaram
  3. Xi Wang
  4. Stephanie Law
License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Advanced Functional Materials
Publication Date 2024
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. 10.1002/adfm.202411069
Deposited November 25, 2024

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    Publisher
    • Advanced Functional Materials
    Publisher Identifier (DOI)
    • 10.1002/adfm.202411069
    Description
    • Infrared spectroscopy currently requires the use of bulky, expensive, and/or fragile spectrometers. For gas sensing, environmental monitoring, or other applications, an inexpensive, compact, robust on-chip spectrometer is needed. One way to achieve this is through gradient permittivity materials, in which the material permittivity changes as a function of position in the plane. Here, synthesis of infrared gradient permittivity materials is demonstrated using shadow mask molecular beam epitaxy. The permittivity of the material changes as a function of position in the lateral direction, confining varying wavelengths of infrared light at varying horizontal locations. An electric field enhancement corresponding to wavenumbers ranging from ≈650 to 900 cm−1 over an in-plane width of ≈13 µm on the flat mesa of the sample is shown. An electric field enhancement corresponding to wavenumbers ranging from ≈900 to 1250 cm−1 over an in-plane width of ≈13 µm on the slope of the sample is also shown. These two different regions of electric field enhancement develop on two opposite sides of the material. This demonstration of a scalable method of creating in-plane gradient permittivity material can be leveraged for the creation of a variety of miniature infrared devices, such as an ultracompact spectrometer.
    Publication Date
    • 2024
  • Added Creator Shagorika Mukherjee
  • Added Creator Sai Rahul Sitaram
  • Added Creator Xi Wang
  • Added Creator Stephanie Law
  • Added Manuscript_SI.pdf
  • Updated License Show Changes
    License
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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