Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Model Crystalline Porous Organic Polymers: Influence of Pore Size on Immersion Freezing

Heterogeneous ice nucleation activity is affected by aerosol particle composition, crystallinity, pore size, and surface area. However, these surface properties are not well understood, regarding how they act to promote ice nucleation and growth to form ice clouds. Therefore, synthesized materials for which surface properties can be tuned were examined in immersion freezing mode in this study. To establish the relationship between particle surface properties and efficiency of ice nucleation, materials, here, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with different pore diameters and degrees of crystallinity (ordering), were characterized. Results showed that out of all the highly crystalline COFs, the sample with a pore diameter between 2 and 3 nm exhibited the most efficient ice nucleation activity. We posit that the highly crystalline structures with ordered pores have an optimal pore diameter where the ice nucleation activity is maximized and that the not highly crystalline structures with nonordered pores have more sites for ice nucleation. The results were compared and discussed in the context of other synthesized porous particle systems. Such studies give insight into how material features impact ice nucleation activity.

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Work Title Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Model Crystalline Porous Organic Polymers: Influence of Pore Size on Immersion Freezing
Access
Open Access
Creators
  1. Lucy Nandy
  2. Julie L. Fenton
  3. Miriam Arak Freedman
Keyword
  1. Heterogeneous ice nucleation
  2. Aerosol surface
  3. Pore size
License In Copyright (Rights Reserved)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Publication Date July 20, 2023
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00071
Related URLs
  1. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00071
Deposited March 31, 2025

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Work History

Version 1
published

  • Created

    March 31, 2025 16:31 by maf43

  • Updated

    March 31, 2025 16:31 by [unknown user]

  • Added Creator Lucy Nandy

    March 31, 2025 16:32 by maf43

  • Added Creator Julie L. Fenton

    March 31, 2025 16:32 by maf43

  • Added Creator Miriam A Freedman

    March 31, 2025 16:32 by maf43

  • Updated Keyword, Publisher, Publisher Identifier (DOI), and 2 more Show Changes

    March 31, 2025 16:32 by maf43

    Keyword
    • Pore Size, Ice Nucleation Activity, Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation, Immersion Freezing, Porous Organic Polymers, Nucleation, Organic Polymer, Pore Diameter, Highly Crystalline, Ice Nucleation, Surface Properties, Crystalline Structure, Covalent Organic Frameworks, Surface Property, Crystallinity, Particle Composition, Impact Ice, Aerosol Particles, Material Feature, Pore Surface, Ice Growth, Degree Of Crystallinity, Particle System, Surface Productivity, Ice Clouds, Feature Impact, Crystal Structure, Covalent Organic Framework, Phase Composition
    Publisher
    • Journal of Physical Chemistry A
    Publisher Identifier (DOI)
    • 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00071
    Description
    • Heterogeneous ice nucleation activity is affected by aerosol particle composition, crystallinity, pore size, and surface area. However, these surface properties are not well understood, regarding how they act to promote ice nucleation and growth to form ice clouds. Therefore, synthesized materials for which surface properties can be tuned were examined in immersion freezing mode in this study. To establish the relationship between particle surface properties and efficiency of ice nucleation, materials, here, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with different pore diameters and degrees of crystallinity (ordering), were characterized. Results showed that out of all the highly crystalline COFs, the sample with a pore diameter between 2 and 3 nm exhibited the most efficient ice nucleation activity. We posit that the highly crystalline structures with ordered pores have an optimal pore diameter where the ice nucleation activity is maximized and that the not highly crystalline structures with nonordered pores have more sites for ice nucleation. The results were compared and discussed in the context of other synthesized porous particle systems. Such studies give insight into how material features impact ice nucleation activity.
    Publication Date
    • 2023-07-20
  • Updated

    March 31, 2025 16:32 by maf43

  • Updated Keyword Show Changes

    March 31, 2025 16:33 by maf43

    Keyword
    • Pore Size, Ice Nucleation Activity, Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation, Immersion Freezing, Porous Organic Polymers, Nucleation, Organic Polymer, Pore Diameter, Highly Crystalline, Ice Nucleation, Surface Properties, Crystalline Structure, Covalent Organic Frameworks, Surface Property, Crystallinity, Particle Composition, Impact Ice, Aerosol Particles, Material Feature, Pore Surface, Ice Growth, Degree Of Crystallinity, Particle System, Surface Productivity, Ice Clouds, Feature Impact, Crystal Structure, Covalent Organic Framework, Phase Composition
    • Pore Size, Ice Nucleation Activity, Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation, Immersion Freezing, Porous Organic Polymers, Nucleation, Organic Polymer, Pore Diameter, Highly Crystalline, Ice Nucleation, Surface Properties, Crystalline Structure, Covalent Organic Frameworks, Surface Property, Crystallinity, Particle Composition, Aerosol Particles, Ice Growth, Degree Of Crystallinity, Ice Clouds, Crystal Structure, Covalent Organic Framework, Phase Composition
  • Updated Creator Lucy Nandy

    March 31, 2025 16:34 by maf43

  • Updated Creator Julie L. Fenton

    March 31, 2025 16:34 by maf43

  • Updated Creator Miriam A Freedman

    March 31, 2025 16:34 by maf43

  • Added COF paper_R4.pdf

    March 31, 2025 16:35 by maf43

  • Added SupportingInfo_v2.pdf

    March 31, 2025 16:35 by maf43

  • Updated License Show Changes

    March 31, 2025 16:37 by maf43

    License
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
  • Updated License Show Changes

    March 31, 2025 16:40 by maf43

    License
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
    • https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/
  • Published

    March 31, 2025 16:40 by maf43

  • Updated

    March 31, 2025 22:05 by [unknown user]

  • Updated Keyword, Related URLs Show Changes

    April 17, 2025 10:36 by avs5190

    Keyword
    • Pore Size, Ice Nucleation Activity, Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation, Immersion Freezing, Porous Organic Polymers, Nucleation, Organic Polymer, Pore Diameter, Highly Crystalline, Ice Nucleation, Surface Properties, Crystalline Structure, Covalent Organic Frameworks, Surface Property, Crystallinity, Particle Composition, Aerosol Particles, Ice Growth, Degree Of Crystallinity, Ice Clouds, Crystal Structure, Covalent Organic Framework, Phase Composition
    • Heterogeneous ice nucleation, Aerosol surface, Pore size
    Related URLs
    • https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00071
  • Renamed Creator Miriam Arak Freedman Show Changes

    April 17, 2025 12:16 by avs5190

    • Miriam A Freedman
    • Miriam Arak Freedman