Nondestructive Evaluation of Fracture Toughness in 4130 Steel Using Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing

The knowledge of ‘plane strain fracture toughness’ (KIC) is essential to the operational safety of fracture-critical systems. However, it is not yet possible to quantify KIC in-service due to the destructive nature of KIC testing. Here, we investigate nonlinear ultrasonic testing (UT) as a nondestructive alternative. We hypothesize a correlation between the nonlinear ultrasonic parameters and KIC of a material due to their mutual dependence on materials’ microstructure. Using second harmonic generation, both surface and bulk wave modes are used to estimate the classical nonlinearity parameter (β) for tempered 4130 steel samples. We also report wave velocity and exponent, a new parameter describing the relationship between the second and fundamental harmonic amplitudes. Corresponding coupons are tested for their KIC characteristics using Charpy V-Notch (CVN) testing, providing a novel direct comparison between destructive and nondestructive tests. Results of nonlinear bulk wave testing indicate a monotonic relation between β and CVN absorbed energy values. The surface wave test results show a different non-monotonic trend. Bulk wave speed and exponent show no correlations with absorbed energy, while surface wave speed and exponent show similar relations. The differences between bulk and surface wave test results are attributed to sample heterogeneity and different wave structures of the two wave modes. Our findings demonstrate the potential of nonlinear UT for in-situ KIC estimation.

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Work Title Nondestructive Evaluation of Fracture Toughness in 4130 Steel Using Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing
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Penn State
Creators
  1. Colin Williams
  2. Cody Borigo
  3. Jacques Riviere
  4. Clifford Jesse Lissenden III
  5. Parisa Shokouhi
Keyword
  1. Nonlinear ultrasonics
  2. Fracture toughness
  3. Second harmonic generation
  4. Surface wave testing
  5. Bulk wave testing
License In Copyright (Rights Reserved)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation
Publication Date January 22, 2022
Subject
  1. Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation
Language
  1. English
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-022-00846-5
Deposited March 29, 2023

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Version 1
published

  • Created
  • Updated
  • Added Creator Colin Williams
  • Added Creator Cody Borigo
  • Added Creator Jacques Riviere
  • Added Creator Clifford Jesse Lissenden III
  • Added Creator Parisa Shokouhi
  • Added Williams et al JONDE.pdf
  • Updated License Show Changes
    License
    • https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/
  • Published
  • Updated Keyword, Publisher Show Changes
    Keyword
    • nonlinear ultrasonics, fracture toughness, second harmonic generation, surface wave testing, bulk wave testing
    • Nonlinear ultrasonics, Fracture toughness, Second harmonic generation, Surface wave testing, Bulk wave testing
    Publisher
    • Springer Nature
    • Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation
  • Updated