Three Ecological Models to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. for Suppressing Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

Chemical pesticides help reduce crop loss during production and storage. However, the carbon footprints and ecological costs associated with this strategy are unsustainable. Here, we used three in vitro models to characterize how different Trichoderma species interact with two aflatoxin producers, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, to help develop a climate-resilient biological control strategy against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species. The growth rate of Trichoderma species is a critical factor in suppressing aflatoxigenic strains via physical interactions. The dual plate assay suggests that Trichoderma mainly suppresses A. flavus via antibiosis, whereas the suppression of A. parasiticus occurs through mycoparasitism. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Trichoderma inhibited the growth of A. parasiticus (34.6 ± 3.3%) and A. flavus (20.9 ± 1.6%). The VOCs released by T. asperellum BTU and T. harzianum OSK-34 were most effective in suppressing A. flavus growth. Metabolites secreted by T. asperellum OSK-38, T. asperellum BTU, T. virens OSK-13, and T. virens OSK-36 reduced the growth of both aflatoxigenic species. Overall, T. asperellum BTU was the most effective at suppressing the growth and aflatoxin B1 production of both species across all models. This work will guide efforts to screen for effective biological control agents to mitigate aflatoxin accumulation.

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Work Title Three Ecological Models to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. for Suppressing Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus
Access
Open Access
Creators
  1. Nataliia Voloshchuk
  2. Zilfa Irakoze
  3. S Kang
  4. Joshua J. Kellogg
  5. Josephine Wee
Keyword
  1. Aspergillus Parasiticus
  2. Aspergillus Flavus
  3. Hypocrea
  4. Ecological Model
  5. Trichoderma
  6. Flavus
  7. Aflatoxin
  8. Antibiosis
  9. Volatile Organic Compounds
  10. Antiaflatoxigenic
  11. T. Virens
  12. Biological Control
  13. Carbon Footprint
  14. Volatile Organic Compound
  15. Chemical Pesticides
  16. Growth Rate
  17. Control Strategy
  18. Crop Loss
  19. Physical Interaction
  20. Aspergillus Species
  21. Aflatoxin B1 (Afb1)
  22. Biological Control Agent
  23. In Vitro Model
  24. Plate Assay
  25. Climate Resilience
  26. Aflatoxin Accumulation
  27. Trichoderma Harzianum
  28. Dual Plate
  29. Aspergillus
  30. Metabolite
  31. Biological Control Agents
  32. Mycoparasitism
License CC BY 4.0 (Attribution)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Toxins
Publication Date July 1, 2024
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. 10.3390/toxins16070314
Related URLs
  1. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16070314
Deposited February 10, 2025

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Version 1
published

  • Created

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by [unknown user]

  • Added Creator Nataliia Voloshchuk

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Added Creator Zilfa Irakoze

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Added Creator S Kang

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Added Creator Joshua J. Kellogg

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Added Creator Josephine Wee

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated Keyword, Publisher, Publisher Identifier (DOI), and 3 more Show Changes

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

    Keyword
    • Aspergillus Parasiticus, Aspergillus Flavus, Hypocrea, Ecological Model, Trichoderma, Flavus, Aflatoxin, Antibiosis, Volatile Organic Compounds, Antiaflatoxigenic, T. Virens, Biological Control, Carbon Footprint, Volatile Organic Compound, Chemical Pesticides, Growth Rate, Control Strategy, Crop Loss, Physical Interaction, Aspergillus Species, Aflatoxin B1 (Afb1), Biological Control Agent, In Vitro Model, Plate Assay, Climate Resilience, Aflatoxin Accumulation, Trichoderma Harzianum, Dual Plate, Aspergillus, Metabolite, Biological Control Agents, Mycoparasitism
    Publisher
    • Toxins
    Publisher Identifier (DOI)
    • 10.3390/toxins16070314
    Related URLs
    • https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16070314
    Description
    • <p>Chemical pesticides help reduce crop loss during production and storage. However, the carbon footprints and ecological costs associated with this strategy are unsustainable. Here, we used three in vitro models to characterize how different Trichoderma species interact with two aflatoxin producers, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, to help develop a climate-resilient biological control strategy against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species. The growth rate of Trichoderma species is a critical factor in suppressing aflatoxigenic strains via physical interactions. The dual plate assay suggests that Trichoderma mainly suppresses A. flavus via antibiosis, whereas the suppression of A. parasiticus occurs through mycoparasitism. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Trichoderma inhibited the growth of A. parasiticus (34.6 ± 3.3%) and A. flavus (20.9 ± 1.6%). The VOCs released by T. asperellum BTU and T. harzianum OSK-34 were most effective in suppressing A. flavus growth. Metabolites secreted by T. asperellum OSK-38, T. asperellum BTU, T. virens OSK-13, and T. virens OSK-36 reduced the growth of both aflatoxigenic species. Overall, T. asperellum BTU was the most effective at suppressing the growth and aflatoxin B1 production of both species across all models. This work will guide efforts to screen for effective biological control agents to mitigate aflatoxin accumulation.</p>
    Publication Date
    • 2024-07-01
  • Updated

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated Creator Nataliia Voloshchuk

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated Creator Zilfa Irakoze

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated Creator S Kang

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated Creator Joshua J. Kellogg

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated Creator Josephine Wee

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Added Voloshchuk et al_2024_Three Ecological Models to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp.pdf

    February 10, 2025 10:37 by jjk6146

  • Updated License Show Changes

    February 10, 2025 10:38 by jjk6146

    License
    • https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • Published

    February 10, 2025 10:38 by jjk6146

  • Updated

    February 10, 2025 21:04 by [unknown user]