Monolith soil core sampling to develop nitrate testing protocol for manure injection

Injecting manure and commercial fertilizer beneath the soil surface is an important nutrient management practice that conserves ammonia-nitrogen (N) but creates distinct bands of N below the soil surface. To date, no widely accepted soil nitrate sampling protocol has been developed to account for the extreme heterogeneity created by injection. To develop sampling recommendations for Pre-Sidedress Nitrate Test (PSNT), we quantified patterns of NO3−-N concentrations in soil of corn (Zea mays L.) plots injected with liquid dairy cattle (Bos taurus L.) manure at 76 cm spacing over 2 years. Soil monoliths were collected to allow precise sampling of 30 cm deep by 2.5 cm soil cores from which a mid-season PSNT was determined. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to simulate the effects of alternative soil sampling protocols on bias and error. Results from the simulation support the following equispaced sampling protocol: five, 30-cm deep soil cores are spaced 15 cm apart and oriented in a line perpendicular to the injected manure bands, collected at four locations in the field, to produce a single composite of 20 samples for NO3− analysis. It is not necessary to know manure band location. As spatially discrete manure application patterns become more prevalent with the expansion of manure injection, we believe this PSNT sampling protocol balances risk of error with practical concerns needed to promote adoption.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Monolith soil core sampling to develop nitrate testing protocol for manure injection. Soil Science Society of America Journal 87, 2 p378-389 (2023)], which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20509. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions: https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html#3.

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Work Title Monolith soil core sampling to develop nitrate testing protocol for manure injection
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Open Access
Creators
  1. Robert James Meinen
  2. Douglass B Beegle
  3. Siddharth Vishwanath
  4. Peter J. Kleinman
  5. Louis S. Saporito
  6. John T. Spargo
  7. Heather Karsten
  8. Justin Dillon
Keyword
  1. manure injection
  2. soil nitrate
  3. soil monolith
  4. pre-sidedress nitrate test
  5. soil test model
License In Copyright (Rights Reserved)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Soil Science Society of America Journal
Publication Date December 2, 2022
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20509
Deposited September 21, 2024

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Version 1
published

  • Created
  • Added 2022-11-22_Monolith_Meinen-Final_Submission.docx
  • Added 2022-08-26_Supplement-Flow_Diagram.pdf
  • Added 2022-08-26_Supplement-Flow_Diagram_Caption.docx
  • Added Creator Robert James Meinen
  • Added Creator D B Beegle
  • Added Creator Siddharth Vishwanath
  • Added Creator Peter J. Kleinman
  • Added Creator Louis S. Saporito
  • Added Creator John T. Spargo
  • Added Creator Heather Karsten
  • Added Creator Justin Dillon
  • Published
  • Updated
  • Updated Keyword Show Changes
    Keyword
    • manure injection, soil nitrate, soil monolith, pre-sidedress nitrate test, soil test model
  • Renamed Creator Douglass B Beegle Show Changes
    • D B Beegle
    • Douglass B Beegle