The effect of chronic exposure to metformin in a new type-2 diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse model of stroke

Background: Diabetes is an independent risk factor of stroke and previous studies have confirmed that diabetic patients and animals experience poorer clinical outcomes following stroke. In this study, we aim to determine the effect of chronic exposure of the first-line antidiabetic agent, metformin, to restore euglycemia and to impact brain cell death following stroke in a new type-2 diabetes, NONcNZO10/LtJ (RCS-10) mouse model of stroke. Methods: Male RCS-10 mice received a moderate (11%) fat diet post-weaning, at 4 weeks of age, and became diabetic by 12–14 weeks, thus resembling human maturity-onset diabetes. The mice received either metformin or vehicle for 4 weeks before undergoing a hypoxic/ischemic (HI) insult. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-treatment, and post HI for glucose and lipid measurements, and brains were analyzed for infarct size, glial activation, neuronal cell death, and metformin-mediated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling at 48 h post HI. Results: Pretreatment with metformin maintained euglycemia for 4 weeks but did not change body weight or lipid profile. Metformin treatment significantly enhanced the microglial Bfl-1 mRNA expression and showed a non-significant increase in GFAP mRNA, however, GFAP protein levels were reduced. Metformin treatment slightly increased neuronal NeuN and MAP-2 protein levels and significantly reduced overall mortality post HI but did not elicit any significant change in infarct size. Conclusion: The study suggests that the prolonged effect of metformin-induced euglycemia promoted the microglial activation, reduced neuronal cell death, and improved the overall survival following stroke, without any change in infarct size.

© This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Files

Metadata

Work Title The effect of chronic exposure to metformin in a new type-2 diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse model of stroke
Access
Open Access
Creators
  1. Rashmi Kumari
  2. Lisa Willing
  3. Scot R. Kimball
  4. Ian A. Simpson
Keyword
  1. Metformin
  2. RCS-10 Diabetic Mouse
  3. Stroke
  4. Neuroprotection
License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Pharmacological Reports
Publication Date July 6, 2022
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-022-00382-z
Deposited July 05, 2023

Versions

Analytics

Collections

This resource is currently not in any collection.

Work History

Version 1
published

  • Created
  • Added PREP-D-22-00089_R2.pdf
  • Added Creator Rashmi Kumari
  • Added Creator Lisa Willing
  • Added Creator Scot R. Kimball
  • Added Creator Ian A. Simpson
  • Published
  • Updated Keyword, Description, Publication Date Show Changes
    Keyword
    • Metformin, RCS-10 Diabetic Mouse, Stroke, Neuroprotection
    Description
    • <p>Background: Diabetes is an independent risk factor of stroke and previous studies have confirmed that diabetic patients and animals experience poorer clinical outcomes following stroke. In this study, we aim to determine the effect of chronic exposure of the first-line antidiabetic agent, metformin, to restore euglycemia and to impact brain cell death following stroke in a new type-2 diabetes, NONcNZO10/LtJ (RCS-10) mouse model of stroke. Methods: Male RCS-10 mice received a moderate (11%) fat diet post-weaning, at 4 weeks of age, and became diabetic by 12–14 weeks, thus resembling human maturity-onset diabetes. The mice received either metformin or vehicle for 4 weeks before undergoing a hypoxic/ischemic (HI) insult. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-treatment, and post HI for glucose and lipid measurements, and brains were analyzed for infarct size, glial activation, neuronal cell death, and metformin-mediated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling at 48 h post HI. Results: Pretreatment with metformin maintained euglycemia for 4 weeks but did not change body weight or lipid profile. Metformin treatment significantly enhanced the microglial Bfl-1 mRNA expression and showed a non-significant increase in GFAP mRNA, however, GFAP protein levels were reduced. Metformin treatment slightly increased neuronal NeuN and MAP-2 protein levels and significantly reduced overall mortality post HI but did not elicit any significant change in infarct size. Conclusion: The study suggests that the prolonged effect of metformin-induced euglycemia promoted the microglial activation, reduced neuronal cell death, and improved the overall survival following stroke, without any change in infarct size. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].</p>
    • <p>Background: Diabetes is an independent risk factor of stroke and previous studies have confirmed that diabetic patients and animals experience poorer clinical outcomes following stroke. In this study, we aim to determine the effect of chronic exposure of the first-line antidiabetic agent, metformin, to restore euglycemia and to impact brain cell death following stroke in a new type-2 diabetes, NONcNZO10/LtJ (RCS-10) mouse model of stroke. Methods: Male RCS-10 mice received a moderate (11%) fat diet post-weaning, at 4 weeks of age, and became diabetic by 12–14 weeks, thus resembling human maturity-onset diabetes. The mice received either metformin or vehicle for 4 weeks before undergoing a hypoxic/ischemic (HI) insult. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-treatment, and post HI for glucose and lipid measurements, and brains were analyzed for infarct size, glial activation, neuronal cell death, and metformin-mediated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling at 48 h post HI. Results: Pretreatment with metformin maintained euglycemia for 4 weeks but did not change body weight or lipid profile. Metformin treatment significantly enhanced the microglial Bfl-1 mRNA expression and showed a non-significant increase in GFAP mRNA, however, GFAP protein levels were reduced. Metformin treatment slightly increased neuronal NeuN and MAP-2 protein levels and significantly reduced overall mortality post HI but did not elicit any significant change in infarct size. Conclusion: The study suggests that the prolonged effect of metformin-induced euglycemia promoted the microglial activation, reduced neuronal cell death, and improved the overall survival following stroke, without any change in infarct size. </p>
    Publication Date
    • 2022-08-01
    • 2022-07-06
  • Deleted PREP-D-22-00089_R2.pdf
  • Added Kumari et al_ Manuscript_2022.pdf
  • Updated