When Visual Communication Backfires: Reactance to Three Aspects of Imagery

Although many persuasive messages include imagery, relatively little is known about the potential for the visual components to induce reactance. This research examined the effects of three message variations—camera angle (low vs. eye-level), antithesis (vs. thesis) (i.e., the juxtaposition of contrasting images), and facial expression of emotion (anger vs. happiness)—on reactance and subsequent persuasion. Two experiments (N = 240 and N = 259) using pro-environmental appeals found that variation in each of the visual features was associated with increased perception of threat to freedom, reactance and decreased persuasion. Political conservatives felt more threatened by any message than liberals, but were not differentially sensitive to image variations. This research opens the door for a programmatic analysis of imagery and reactance.

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Work Title When Visual Communication Backfires: Reactance to Three Aspects of Imagery
Access
Open Access
Creators
  1. Fabienne Bünzli
  2. James Price Dillard
  3. Yuwei Li
  4. Martin J. Eppler
License CC BY 4.0 (Attribution)
Work Type Article
Publisher
  1. Communication Research
Publication Date January 1, 2025
Publisher Identifier (DOI)
  1. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502241306707
Deposited April 14, 2025

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Version 1
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  • Created
  • Added CR1306707_proofs-1.pdf
  • Added Creator Fabienne Bünzli
  • Added Creator James Price Dillard
  • Added Creator Yuwei Li
  • Added Creator Martin J. Eppler
  • Published
  • Updated